LÉVY

LÉVY
LÉVY, family of French publishers. MICHEL (1821–1875) was born in Phalsbourg, Lorraine. He studied at the Paris music conservatory, but, finding that he lacked talent, abandoned his studies and became a secondhand bookseller. Lévy first sold books in the street and then from a stall. In 1842 he and his brothers ALEXANDRE NATHAN LÉVY and CALMANN LÉVY (1819–1891) founded the Lévy publishing firm. Their first success was a new edition of Goethe's Faust and, within a short time, Michel Lévy Frères became established as one of the largest publishing houses in France. They issued the works of great French authors such as Balzac, Lamartine, Anatole France, and Ernest Feydeau. When Feydeau included an antisemitic reference in his novel La Comtesse de Chalis (1867), the Lévy brothers refused to allow their name to appear as publishers. They also published books on biblical subjects and comparative religion. For a long period they issued the famous Revue de Paris. On the death of Michel Lévy in 1875, Calmann Lévy assumed control of the firm, which was renamed Calmann-Lévy. In 1878 he published Ernest David's French translation of george eliot 's Daniel Deronda. After the death of Calmann Lévy, his three sons, PAUL, GEORGES, and GASTON took over the management of the firm. (John M. Shaftesley)

Encyclopedia Judaica. 1971.

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